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Monday, December 24, 2012

吸波材料介紹

吸波材料一般由基體材料和吸收介質複合而成，能將投射到它表面的電磁波能量吸收，並通過材料的介質損耗使電磁波能量轉化成為熱能或其他形式的能量。好的吸波材料具有質輕、耐溫、耐濕和抗腐蝕等性能，現今電子零件輕薄短小趨勢，其吸波材料發展也朝向”材料薄、重量輕、頻段寬、強度強”等。
吸波材料特性：

最大限度地使入射電磁波進入到吸波材料內部，從而減少電磁波的直接反射。
吸波材料對入射電磁波能產生有效吸收或衰減，即產生電磁損耗，使電磁波能量轉化為熱能或其他形式能，從而使電磁波在介質中被最大限度地吸收。

吸波材料分類：

按研究時期可以分成傳統吸波材料和新型吸波材料
傳統型按其微波損耗機理分為：電阻型吸波材料、電介質型吸波材料和磁介質型吸波材料。鐵氧體、鈦酸鋇、金屬微粉、石墨、碳化矽、導電纖維等屬傳統吸波材料，它們通常都具有吸收頻帶窄、密度大等缺點。其中鐵氧體吸波材料和金屬微粉吸波材料研究較多，性能也較好。
新型吸波材料包括：納米材料、多晶鐵纖維、手性材料、導電高聚物吸波材料、等離子體吸波材料和可見光、紅外及雷達兼容吸波材料等。新型吸波材料包括納米材料、手性材料、導電高聚物、多晶鐵纖維及電路模擬吸波材料等，它們具有不同于傳統吸波材料的吸波機理。其中納米材料和多晶鐵纖維是眾多新型吸波材料中性能最好的2種。
從吸波原理上可以分成電吸收型、磁吸收型
吸波材料大體可以分成塗層型、板材型和結構型
從結構上可以分為吸收型、干涉型和諧振型等吸波結構
吸收型吸波材料本身對雷達波進行吸收損耗，基本類型有複磁導率與複介電常數基本相等的吸收體、阻抗漸變“寬頻”吸收體和衰減表面電流的薄層吸收體；干涉型則是利用吸波層表面和底層兩列反射波的振幅相等相位相反進行干涉相消，如1／4波長“諧振”吸收體，這類材料的缺點是吸收頻帶較窄
吸波材料的損耗機制分類
- 電阻型損耗：此類吸收機制與材料的導電率有關的電阻性損耗，即導電率越大，載流子引起的宏觀電流（包括電場變化引起的電流以及磁場變化引起的渦流）越大，從而有利於電磁能轉化成為熱能。
- 電介質損耗：它是一類與電極有關的介質損耗吸收機制，即通過介質反復極化產生的“摩擦”作用將電磁能轉化成熱能耗散掉。電介質極化過程包括：電子雲位移極化，極性介質電矩轉向極化，電鐵體電疇轉向極化以及壁位移等。
- 磁損耗：此類吸收機制是一類與鐵磁性介質的動態磁化過程有關的磁損耗，此類損耗可以細化為：磁滯損耗，旋磁渦流、阻尼損耗以及磁後效效應等，其主要來源是與磁滯機制相似的磁疇轉向、磁疇壁位移以及磁疇自然共振等
吸波材料應用：
吸波材料應用於各類電子產品，如電視、音響、VCD機、電腦、遊戲機、微波爐、移動電話中，可以使電磁波洩露降到國家衛生安全限值（10微瓦每平方釐米）以下，確保人體健康。將其應用于高功率雷達、微波醫療器、微波破碎機，能保護操作人員免受電磁波輻射的傷害。

Monday, December 10, 2012

Anticlockwise milling and clockwise milling

Processing method of Tungsten Carbide End Mills anticlockwise milling (up milling) and clockwise milling (down milling)

Milling is one of the most common and most widely used processing methods, and for roughing milling of the various structural components and fine milling is almost by end milling. There are two ways, clockwise and anticlockwise milling, according to the cutting direction. The movement of the cutting edge and work piece is in the opposite direction or same direction, divided into the two kinds of conventional milling and climb milling.

Anticlockwise Milling:
Milling direction and feed in the opposite direction (milling against the feed) is anticlockwise milling; chip caused from the bottom into upper, so we also call it as up milling; Since the traditional processing and milling mostly used this way, so we also called it as conventional milling.

Characteristics of anticlockwise milling:

Chip shape is from thin to thick, and cutter afford force from light into heavy, which may prevent the cutter fracture by the impact.
Suitable for milling casting black surface.
Can be used in the old milling machine, no screw invalid gap movement.
More friction, the blade is easy to blunt, short life.
Easy shaken, the machined surface is rough, poor machining accuracy.
The device is not easy to settle, which is not suitable for milling thin parts.
More energy consumption.

Clockwise milling:
The milling and feed in the same direction (milling with the feeds) called clockwise milling; Due to cutting action is from no-machining face of work piece into down place (chips from thick into thin), so it is called down milling or climb milling.
Processing method of Tungsten Carbide End Mills anticlockwise milling (up milling) and clockwise milling (down milling)

Characteristics of climb milling:

Chip is from thick into thin, cutter affords force from heavy into light, easy to cause fracture by impact.
Not suitable for milling castings, forgings, and the surface of the work piece with fish scale shape.
The milling machine shall have a gap eliminator, or easy to produce screw invalid gap movement.
Processing less friction, longer life of the cutter edge.
Easy chucking, no vibration, and high accuracy of the machined surface.
The device is easy to settle, it’s suitable for milling long thin work pieces.
Less feed consumption.

In most of the milling case, in addition to the casting of the first milling and old milling Lo-gap chopping device need to use the anticlockwise milling, down milling is better than conventional milling.

Thursday, November 22, 2012

切削液介紹-切削液的分類

在金屬切削加工過程中，使用切削液是為了降低切削時的切削力，及時帶走切削區內產生的熱量以降低切削溫度，提高刀具耐用度，從而提高生產效率，改善工件表面粗糙度，保證工件加工精度，達到最佳的經濟效果。
切削液的分類：

非水溶性切削液
主要是切削油。有各種礦物油，如機械油、輕柴油、煤油等；還有動、植物油，如豆油、豬油等；以及加入油性、極壓添加劑配製的混合油。它主要起潤滑作用。
水溶性切削液
主要成分為水，並加入防銹劑，也可加入適量的表面活性劑和油性添加劑，使其具有一定的潤滑性能。
乳化液
由礦物油、乳化劑及其它添加劑配製的乳化油加95%～98%的水稀釋而成的乳白色切削液，有良好的冷卻性能和清洗作用。

切削液具有的功能性分類：

冷卻性能：
切削液通過它從它所能達到最靠近熱源的刀具、切屑和工件表面上帶走大量的切削熱，從而降低切削溫度，提高刀具耐用度，並減小工件與刀具的熱膨脹，提高加工精度。切削液要有較高的熱導率和比熱容，較高的汽化熱。一定的流量和流速。水的冷卻性能最好，油類最差，乳化液介於兩者之間。
潤滑性能：
金屬切削時，切屑、工件與刀具之間的摩擦可分為：乾摩擦、流體潤滑摩擦和邊界潤滑摩擦。切削液滲入到切屑、刀具、工件的接觸面間，粘附在金屬表面上形成潤滑膜，減小它們之間的摩擦係數、減輕粘結現象、抑制積屑瘤，並改善已加工表面的粗糙度，提高刀具耐用度。潤滑性能取決於切削液的滲透性、吸附薄膜形成能力與強度等。水溶性潤滑劑(聚乙烯醇、甘油)。
清洗性能：
沖走切削中產生的細屑、砂輪脫落下來的微粒等，起到清洗作用，防止加工表面、機床導軌面受損；有利於精加工、深孔加工、自動線加工中的排屑。在切削液中採用非離子性表面活性劑(如平平加、太古油)和陰離子表面活性劑(烷基苯磺酸鈉、十二烷基硫酸鈉)進行複配，能起到顯著降低切削液表面張力的作用，達到清洗的目的。
防銹性能：
加入防銹添加劑的切削液，還能在金屬表面上形成保護膜，使機床、工件、刀具免受周圍介質的腐蝕。切削液的使用效果決定於切削液的類型、形態、用量、使用方法等。水溶性防銹劑品種較多，通常分為有機防銹劑與無機防銹劑兩類。現在一般採用鉬酸鈉（0.05%）替代亞硝酸鈉，以減少污染；和有機防銹劑（硼胺）複合使用，達到很好的防銹效果。
還具有防腐蝕性、抗菌性、防垢性、抗泡性、熱穩定性、無毒、無害、無刺激性氣味、不污染環境使用方便等作用。

資料來源：網路彙整

Sunday, November 18, 2012

Cutting Reference Data for End Mills of Various Materials

Effective working solution depends on correct cutters, operation method, and technology.

Usual cutting conditions and major influence factors of CNC machines.

	Introduction	Formula
Cutting Data V(m/min)	Cutting speed is decided by the diameter of end mills and its rpm		V=Cutting speed(m/min) D=diameter(mm) N=rpm of one min of end mills(min-1)
Feed speed F(mm/min)	Feed speed is the speed of relative one of work piece. Feed rate per flute is important for multi-flute end mills.		F=Feed speed per minute z= number of flute f= Feed volume per flute
Cutting depth a(mm)	Cutting depth is the thickness of flute machining on work piece. We always increase cutting depth to achieve its efficiency, but it is too deep to short tool life. It’s better to give proper cutting depth per flute, don’t increase feed rate and cutting depth together.	--	--
Feed rate per flue f(mm/刃)	Once a flute to cut	--	--
Cutting width b(mm)	Vibration caused by diameter of end mill, width of work piece, flute numbers, and cutting width.	--	--

Cutting Speed

Work Material	High Speed Steel	Carbide – rough cutting	Carbide – fine cutting
Cast iron (soft)	32	50-60	120-150
Cast iron (hard)	24	30-60	75-100
Malleable cast iron	24	30-75	50-100
Steel (soft)	27	30-75	150
Steel (hard)	15	25	30
Aluminum alloy	150	95-300	300-1200
Yellow Steel (soft)	60	240	180
Yellow Steel (hard)	50	150	300
Bronze	50	75-150	150-240
Copper	50	150-240	240-300
Hard Rubber	60	240	450
Fiber	40	140	200

Feed volume each side

Working Material			Face cutter		End Mill		Spiral flute flat end mill		Side Cutter		Milling Cutter		Metal gap cutter
Working Material			HSS	Carbide	HSS	Carbide	HSS	Carbide	HSS	Carbide	HSS	Carbide	HSS	Carbide
Cast Iron	HB150-180		0.4	0.5	0.2	0.25	0.32	0.4	0.23	0.3	0.13	0.15	0.10	0.13
	HB180-220		0.32	0.4	0.18	0.2	0.25	0.32	0.18	0.25	0.1	0.13	0.08	0.1
	HB220-300		0.28	0.3	0.15	0.15	0.20	0.25	0.15	0.18	0.08	0.1	0.08	0.08
Malleable cast iron, Cast iron			0.3	0.35	0.15	0.18	0.25	0.28	0.18	0.2	0.1	0.13	0.08	0.1
Carbon steel	Cutting steel		0.3	0.4	0.15	0.2	0.25	0.32	0.18	0.18	0.23	0.13	0.08	0.1
Carbon steel	Soft steel, Steel		0.25	0.35	0.13	0.18	0.20	0.28	0.15	0.2	0.08	0.1	0.08	0.1
Alloy Steel	Annealing robust steel	HB180-220	0.20	0.35	0.10	0.18	0.18	0.28	0.13	020	0.08	0.1	0.05	0.1
		HB220-300	0.15	0.3	0.08	0.15	0.13	0.25	0.10	0.18	0.05	0.10	0.05	0.08
		HB300-400	0.10	0.25	0.05	0.13	0.08	0.2	0.08	0.15	0.05	0.08	0.03	0.08
	Stainless steel		0.15	0.25	0.08	0.13	0.13	0.20	0.10	0.15	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.08
Al-Mg Alloy			0.55	0.5	0.28	0.25	0.45	040	0.32	0.30	0.18	0.15	0.13	0.13
Brass, Bronze		speedy cutting	0.55	0.5	0.28	0.25	0.45	0.4	0.32	0.3	0.18	0.15	0.13	0.13
		ordinary	0.35	0.30	0.18	0.15	0.28	0.25	0.20	0.18	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.18
		hard	0.23	0.25	0.13	0.13	0.18	0.2	0.15	0.15	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.08
Coppper			0.30	030	0.15	0.15	0.25	0.23	0.18	0.18	0.10	0.10	0.08	0.08
Plastics			0.32	0.38	0.18	0.18	0.25	0.30	0.20	0.23	0.10	0.13	0.08	0.10

Tuesday, November 13, 2012

The cutter materials and their contrast

This list includes eight cutter materials and their contrast as below:

Mono Diamond)
CO PCD
Si PCD
PCBN
Si3N4
SiC
WC
Steel

The cutter materials and their contrast
material		Mono Diamond	CO PCD	si PCD	PCBN	Si3N4	SiC	WC	Steel
properties
Density	g/cm3	3.52	3.8~4.10	3.4	4~4.20	3.2	3	15	7.8

Knoop Hadrness	kg/mm2	6000~9000	5000~8000	5000	2700~3200	1800	2200	1500	560

Toughuess	Mpam-2	3.4	6.1~8.9	6.9	4.1~7.2	6.4	4	11	46

Compression Strength	Mpa	2000	7700	4200	3800	6800	7000	5400	1850

Tensile strength	Mpa	2600	1300	600	500	470	400	1100	1760

Thermal Expansion	10-6/°C	0.8~4.8	1.5~3.8	3.8	3.5~4.2	3.5	3.8	4.3~5.6	11.2~14.3

Thermal Conductivity	w/mk	600~1200	560	120	150	30	40	80	50

Friction		0.05~0.10	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.8

BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

Thursday, November 01, 2012

The cutting tool for hardening material above HRC50

There are higher requirements and more difficulties for many hardened molds. Hence general carbide cutters cannot reach such request of accuracy. Therefore, it should pay more attention to selection of cutting tools for hardened material.

Since hardening material which HRC is above 50, with higher hardness, the carbide cutter is difficult to meet the processing requirements, it will cause badly wear even break after CNC machining for about ten minutes. General carbide cutters cannot reach the request accuracy because the hardened mold is with higher requirement and difficulty.

Some points for choosing cutters for machining hardened materials as below:

Select super micro grain carbide rod and design high rigid tool body to ensure toughness and rigidity of the tool.
Select the blade the design of the large helix angle ranging from sub-and four-blade design so that the cutters may reach radial beating with heavy cutting within high-speed and high hardness cutting.
Choose carbide cutter with new crystal coating. PVD coating almost cannot be used in high hardness cutting.. the crystal coating may solve it basically about the high temperature / acid resistance / wear / and longer tool life.
Cooperate with the powerful tool companies to get their further technical supports and tool configuration, reducing the procurement chain and purchasing costs.

Good carbide cutters with high rigidity of the tool body and new type coating may get high efficiency, precision, and longer tool life. From pre-hardened steel to hardened steel, during high-speed, and high efficient processing; from rough to high precision machining, to achieve a long life; high precision; high quality processing makes it is easier to proceed high-speed and high rigid machining.

Article reference source : NewMaker

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

Monday, October 29, 2012

Characteristics of Tungsten Carbide Cutter

There are two grades of cemented carbide, tungsten carbide and tungsten steel.

One is pure carbide and anti hole types. Pure carbide contains carbides and cobalt only, with best strength and anti-wear characteristics, and its strength and abrasion resistance will be reduced by adding any other substances, it is usually used for cutting cast iron and non-ferrous metal materials. But the pure carbide cannot endure high temperature, its scrap will stick on the cutter blade face easily during high heat, which causes the flank depression by its diffusion. Carbide added tantalum carbide and titanium carbide is with high temperature resistance because these two ingredients are with higher melting point than tungsten carbide, relatively its strength and anti-ear characteristics are lower than pure carbide.

tungsten steel material properties:

ISO classification	Grade	Usage	Rockwell Hardness	Bending Force	Ingredients
ISO classification	Grade	Usage	HRA	(kg/mm2)	W	Co	Ti	Ta	C
P	P01	toughness↓big big↑wear	91.5↑	70↑	30-78	4-8	10-40	0-25	7-3
	P10		91↑	90↑	50-80	4-9	8-20	0-20	7-10
	P20		90↑	110↑	60-83	5-10	5-15	0-15	6-9
	P30		89↑	130↑	70-84	6-12	3-12	0-12	6-8
	P40		88↑	150↑	65-85	7-15	2-10	0-10	6-8
	P50		87↑	170↑	60-83	9-20	2-8	0-8	5-7
M	M10	toughness↓big big↑wear	91↑	100↑	70-86	4-9	3-11	0-11	6-8
	M20		90↑	110↑	70-86	5-11	2-10	0-10	5-8
	M30		89↑	130↑	70-86	6-13	2-9	0-9	5-8
	M40		87↑	160↑	65-85	8-20	1-7	0-7	5-7
K	K01	toughness↓big big↑wear	91.5↑	100↑	83-91	3-6	0-2	0-3	5-7
	K10		90.5↑	120↑	84-90	4-7	0-1	0-2	5-6
	K20		89↑	140↑	83-89	5-8	0-1	0-2	5-6
	K30		88↑	150↑	81-88	6-11	0-1	0-2	5-6
	K40		87↑	160↑	79-87	7-16	--	--	5-6

tungsten steel tool suitability:

ISO classification	Grade	Work Material	Cutting Type	Working Conditions
P	P01	cast steel, steel	Precise turning, precise boring	Apply to cutting high-speed steel and small feed, or require the dimensional accuracy and good surface of the work piece, and work under no vibration state of processing.
	P10	cast steel, steel	turning, by die cutting, thread cutting	High ~ middle speed cutting, Small ~ middle milling area, middle feed or under good processing
	P20	cast steel, steel、malleable iron (Long chip)	Turning, by the die cutting, milling, planning cutting	Middle speed cutting, middle feed power, the most popular one among P series. Planning feed should be small, with good machining conditions.
	P30	cast steel, steel、malleable iron (Long chip)	turning, milling, planning	Low ~ medium-speed cutting, medium ~ high amount of feed, or the surface hardness of work piece with uneven hardness, changes of feeding, and vibration conditions .
	P40	Steel, cast iron with sand hole	turning, planning	low-speed cutting, large amount of feed, and under the worst processing conditions
	P50	low to middle tensile strength steel	turning, planning	low-speed cutting, large amount of feed, and under the worst processing conditions
	P50	cast iron with sand hole	turning, planning	low-speed cutting, large amount of feed, and under worse processing conditions than P40
M	M10	steel, cast steel, cast iron	turning	medium to high-speed cutting, small to medium amount of feed, or under the better processing conditions, for cutting steel and cast iron materials.
	M10	High manganese steel, Eos Tiantie Gang, special cast iron	turning	Medium to high-speed cutting, small to medium amount of feed, or under the better conditions.
	M20	steel, cast steel, cast iron	turning, planning	Middle speed milling, medium feed, or under bad processing conditions, for cutting steel and cast iron materials.
	M20	Eos Tiantie Gang, special cast iron, high manganese steel	turning, planning	Medium speed milling, middle feed,, or cut under a good processing conditions.
	M30	steel, cast steel, cast iron, Oswald Tiantie Gang, special cast iron, heat-resistant steel	turning, milling, breaking	Medium speed milling, middle to large amount of feed, or thick rough material and material with sand holes, welding materials, under worse processing conditions than M20.
	M40	cutting steel, non-ferrous metal	turning, breaking	High speed cutting, middle to large amount of feed, complex shape of the cutting edge, it’s the M Series most needed toughness cutting processing conditions.
K	K01	cast iron	precision turning, precision honing, fine milling	High speed cutting, small amount of feed, under good cutting conditions without vibration.
	K10	chilled cast iron, hard cast iron, hardened steel	turning	very low speed cutting, small amount of feed, under good cutting conditions without vibration.
		High silicon aluminum alloy, ceramics, asbestos, cardboard, graphite,		Cutting under good cutting conditions without vibration.
		cast iron above HB200, malleable iron (long cutting)	turning, milling, honing cutting, broaching, reaming	Middle speed cutting, small amount of feed, widely used for K series, or under vibration-free machining conditions.
		chilled steel	turning	low-speed cutting, small amount of feed or under cutting conditions of smaller vibration.
		silicon-aluminum alloy, hard copper alloy, hard rubber, glass, porcelain, plastics		under cutting conditions of smaller vibration.
	K20	Cast iron belowHB220	turning, milling, planning, reaming, drilling	Middle speed cutting, medium to large amount of feed, used for general machining or request of the powerful the wayward processing conditions
	K20	Non ferrous metal materials		Request under powerful the wayward processing conditions
	K30	low tensile strength steel, low hardness cast iron	turning, milling, planning	low speed cutting, small amount of feed, under better processing conditions.
	K40	non-ferrous metal of low hardness materials, wood	turning, milling, planning	cutting under the conditions worse than K30

Reference Information Source: tool designed Huang Rongwen

Saturday, October 27, 2012

不銹鋼加工

由於不銹鋼所具有耐蝕能力，並在較高溫度(>450℃)下具有較高的強度特性，越來越廣泛地應用於航空、航太、化工、石油、建築和食品等工業部門及日常生活中。所含的合金元素對切削加工性影響很大，有的甚至很難切削。

不銹鋼切削加工特性：

加工硬化嚴重
切削力大
切削溫度高
切屑不易折斷、易粘結
刀具易磨損
線膨脹係數大

不銹鋼加工原則：

選用合理的刀具材料
改善切削條件
選擇合理的切削用量
合理設計刀具結構及刀具幾何參數
選用適當的切削液和供液方法

各加工方式加工應對：

	鑽孔加工	鉸孔加工	鏜孔加工
工件材質	不銹鋼
刀具幾何參數設計	切削力及切削溫度均集中在鑽尖上，為提高鑽頭切削部位的耐用度，頂角一般選135°～140°，鑽頭的橫刃變寬，造成切削阻力增大，因而必須對鑽頭橫刃進行修磨，修磨後橫刃的斜角為47°～55°，橫刃前角為3°～5°，修磨橫刃時，應將切削刃與圓柱面轉角處修磨成圓角，以增加橫刃強度，後角應以12°～15°為宜，需要在鑽頭兩個後刀面上開交錯分佈的分屑槽。	為增強刀齒強度並防止鉸削時產生切屑堵塞現象，鉸刀齒數一般比較少。鉸刀前角一般為8°～12°，但在某些特定情況，為了實現高速鉸削，也可採用0°～5°前角；後角一般為8°～12°；主偏角的選擇視孔的不同而異，一般情況下通孔為15°～30°，不通孔為45°；鉸孔時為了使切屑向前排出，也可適當增加刃傾角角度，刃傾角角度一般為10°～20°；刃帶寬度為0.1～0.15mm；鉸刀上倒錐應較普通鉸刀大，硬質合金鉸刀一般為0.25～0.5mm/100mm，高速鋼鉸刀為0.1～0.25mm/100mm	為使切削輕快、順利，硬質合金刀具宜採用較大的前角，以提高刀具壽命。一般粗加工時，前角取10°～20°，半精加工時取15°～20°；精加工時取20°～30°。主偏角的選擇依據是，當工藝系統剛性良好時，可取30°～45°；剛性差時，則取60～75°，當工件長度與直徑之比超過10倍時，可取90°。陶瓷刀具均採用負前角進行切削。前角大小一般選應－5°～－12°。這樣有利於加強刀刃，充分發揮陶瓷刀具抗壓強度較高的優越性。後角大小直接影響刀具磨損，對刀刃強度也有影響，一般選用5°～12°。主偏角的改變會影響徑向切削分力與軸向切削分力的變化以及切削寬度和切削厚度的大小。因為工藝系統的振動對陶瓷刀具極為不利，所以主偏角的選擇要有利於減少這種振動，一般選取30°～75°。選用CBN作為刀具材料時，刀具幾何參數為前角0°～10°，後角12°～20°，主偏角45°～90°。前刀面刃磨時粗糙度值要小，刀具刃口應保持鋒利，以減少加工硬化，注意斷屑槽的磨削。
刀具材料選擇	採用硬質合金刀具，可採用金屬陶瓷材料刀具	粗鉸時應採用硬質合金刀具，精鉸時可採用高速鋼刀具，可採用金屬陶瓷材料刀具	刀具材料應儘量選擇強度高、導熱性好的YW或YG類硬質合金。精加工時也可使用YT14及YT15硬質合金刀片。批量加工上述材料零件時，可採用金屬陶瓷材刀具，及採用CBN（立方氮化硼）刀片，
切削用量選擇	切削用量的選擇應從降低切削溫度的基本點出發，一般情況下，切削速度以12～15m/min較為合適。進給量選擇太小將會使刀具在硬化層內切削，加劇磨損；而進給量如果太大，又會使表面粗糙度變差。綜合上述兩個因素，進給量選擇為0.32～0.50mm/r為宜。	進給量為0.08～0.4mm/r，切削速度為10～20m/min，粗鉸餘量一般為0.2～0.3mm，精鉸餘量為0.1～0.2mm。	加工時宜選用低速和較大進給量進行切削。由於陶瓷刀具有優越的耐熱性和耐磨性，切削用量對刀具磨損壽命的影響比硬質合金刀具要小。一般情況下，用陶瓷刀具加工時，進給量對刀具的破損影響最為敏感，盡可能選擇高的切削速度、較大的背吃刀量和比較小的進給量。
切削液選擇	可採用乳化液作為冷卻介質	可採用全損耗系統用油或二硫化鉬作為冷卻介質	在鏜削中選用抗粘結和散熱性好的切削液相當重要，如選用含氯較高的切削液，以及具有良好冷卻、清洗、防銹和潤滑作用的不含礦物油、不含亞酸鹽的水溶液，如H1L－2合成切削液。