Carbonium www.tool-tool.com

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Boronium ← Carbonium → Nitrogenium -- ↑ C ↓ Si Systema periodicum
Proprietas generalae
Nomen, Symbolus, Numerus atomicus	Carbonium, C, VI
Turma, Periodus, Glaeba	XIV, II , p
Color
Pondus atomicum	12.0107 uam
e-	2,4
Proprietas physicae
Status	Gasa
Densitas	2.267 g/m3
Punctum liquofactu	(4300–4700) K (4027–4427 °C, (7280–8000 °F)
Punctum fervoris	4000 K (3727 °C, 6740 °F)
Proprietas atomicae
Structura crystallina	Hexagona
Radius atomicus	70 pm
Radius atomicus (calc.)	67 pm
Radius covalenta	77 pm
Radius van der Waals	170 pm
Varietas
Duritas Mohs	01.2 et 10.0
Isotopa stabila
12C Protium Stabilis cum 6 neutronis 13C Deuterium Stabilis cum 7 neutronis 14C Tritium Non stabilis

Carbonium (-ii, n.) (C) est elementum chemicum sextum in systemate periodico, in turma quarta ac in periodo secunda positum. Numerus protonum sex est. Sunt quattuor electra in sphaera electronica extrema. Nomen carbonium descendit de verbo carbonis, quia carbo e carbonio consistit.

Sunt imprimis isotopia tria :

• Carbonium ⁶₁₂C sex neutrona in nucleo habens. Id est frequentissimum.
• Carbonium ⁶₁₃C septem neutrona in nucleo habens.
• Carbonium ⁶₁₄C octo neutrona in nucleo habens. Id emittit radios, ergo ets radioactivum.

Carbonium in statu normali (298 K) est solidum. Status aggregationis est liquidus super 3823 K, aeriformis super temperatura 5100 K.

Carbonium est basis chemicae organicae. Sine carbonio, nulla vita esset in Terra.

Inorganica sunt :

• Monoxidum carbonii CO,
• Dioxidum Carbonii CO₂
• Acidum carbonicum H₂CO₃ et sales sui, qui carbonati nominantur.

[recensere] Modificationes Carboni

Carbonium purum substantias diversas format:

• carbo quod etiam graphitum est.
• adamas quod est durissimum substantiarum.
• Fullerena quae sunt sphaerae carbonicae.

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