Monday, December 31, 2007

High-temperature superconductivity www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

High-temperature superconductors (abbreviated high Tc) are a family of superconducting materials containing copper-oxide planes as a common structural feature. For this reason, the term is often used interchangeably with cuprate superconductors.

This feature allows some materials to support superconductivity at temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K or -196°C). Indeed, they offer the highest transition temperatures of all superconductors. The ability to use relatively inexpensive and easily handled liquid nitrogen as a coolant has increased the range of practical applications of superconductivity.

Although cuprate compounds in the normal superconducting state share many characteristics with each other, there is as of 2007 no widely accepted theory to explain their properties. The search for a unified theory of high-temperature superconductivity is a topic of active experimental and theoretical research. Cuprate superconductors differ in many important ways from conventional superconductors, such as elemental mercury or lead, which are adequately explained by the BCS theory.

High-Tc superconductivity was discovered in 1986; until then it was thought that BCS theory ruled out superconductivity at temperatures above 30 K. The experimental discovery of the first high-Tc superconductor by Karl Müller and Johannes Bednorz was immediately recognized by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987.


[edit] Copper-oxide planes

The cuprates are quasi-two-dimensional materials which consist of layers of copper-oxide planes separated by other materials. It seems that most of the properties are determined by electrons moving within the copper-oxide planes. The remaining components play structural roles and provide screening and doping environments. The copper-oxide plane is a checkerboard lattice with square backbone lattice of oxygens in the O-- state and with, say, "black" squares marked by copper atom in the center; Copper is typically in Cu++ state. The unit cell is, e.g., a square rotated by 45° containing exactly one "black square". The unit cell contains one copper and two oxygen atoms. Obviously, the unit cell is charged by an equivalent of two electronic charges. These charges are "supplied" by the La, Ba, Sr or other atoms which in cuprate superconductors are always present between the planes. It may be considered as an experimental fact that the chemical potential crosses one of the electronic bands of the copper-oxide plane and nothing else: it is the copper-oxide plane that determines the Fermi surface and low-energy electronic properties. As such, in the ionization state Cu++O2--, the copper-oxide plane is a Mott insulator with long-range antiferromagnetic order of spins at small enough temperatures. A vital feature of cuprates is their ability to accommodate chemical substitutions, i.e., atoms that (i) replace one of the atoms of the original without disrupting the short-range lattice order and (ii) have a different number of electrons in their outer shells. The excess electrons may enter the copper oxide plane (electron doping) or electrons can be taken away from the copper-oxide plane (hole doping), as a result of such chemical substitution. It is important that chemical substitutions occur in the substance outside the copper-oxide plane. In other words, a unique property of copper-oxide planes and their "environment" atoms in the copper-oxide superconductors is that such doping is possible at all and charge redistribution is effectively screened and is stable. (Materials that allow doping are not very common, but cuprate superconductors are by no means the only ones). Structural formulas of interesting cuprate superconductors typically contain fractional numbers since they are constitute doping modifications of the particular "mother" compound. Concentration of excess electrons or holes (in short, doping) is one of the most important parameters that determine the low-energy properties of the cuprate compounds.

[edit] Weak distortions

Copper-oxide planes in real material are distorted in several ways. This distortions are usually weak but they can play an important role because they break the symmetries of the original (square, plane) lattice.

  • buckling
  • orthorhombic distortion
  • pairs of planes


[edit] General phase diagram


Typically the half-filling state is an insulator with antiferromagnetic ordering and it is not superconducting at any temperature. The "interesting" phases are in the metallic state which is achieved at finite electron/hole doping of copper-oxide planes. The common way of doping is by chemical substitution; other methods, such as pressure may also be used. The "geography" of the copper-oxide materials can in the doping-temperature diagram.

[edit] History and Progress

The term high-temperature superconductor was first used to designate the new family of cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials discovered by Johannes Georg Bednorz and Karl Alexander Müller in 1986,[1] for which they won the Nobel Prize in Physics the following year. Their discovery of the first high-temperature superconductor, LaBaCuO, with a transition temperature of 35 K, generated great excitement.

Recently, other unconventional superconductors, not based on cuprate structure, have been discovered. Some have unusually high values of the critical temperature, Tc, and hence they are sometimes also called high-temperature superconductors. The record-high Tc at standard pressure, 138 K, is held by a cuprate-perovskite material,[2] although slightly higher transition temperatures have been achieved under pressure.[3] Nevertheless, some researchers believe that if a room-temperature superconductor is ever discovered, it will be in a different family of materials.[citation needed]

[edit] Types of High-Temperature Superconductors

Examples of high-Tc cuprate superconductors include La1.85Ba0.15CuO4, and YBCO (Yttrium-Barium-Copper-Oxide), which is famous as the first material to achieve superconductivity above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.

All known high-Tc superconductors are Type-II superconductors. In contrast to Type-I superconductors, which expel all magnetic fields due to the Meissner Effect, Type-II superconductors allow magnetic fields to penetrate their interior in quantized units of flux, creating "holes" or "tubes" of normal metallic regions in the superconducting bulk. Consequently, high-Tc superconductors can sustain much higher magnetic fields.

[edit] How High-Temperature Superconductors are Made

Perovskites are made by mixing oxides in stoichiometric quantities and then heating in a kiln at high temperatures in a concentrated oxygen atmosphere.

[edit] Ongoing Research

A small sample of the high-temperature superconductor BSCCO-2223. The two lines in the background are 1 mm apart.

A small sample of the high-temperature superconductor BSCCO-2223. The two lines in the background are 1 mm apart.

The question of how superconductivity arises in high-temperature superconductors is one of the major unsolved problems of theoretical condensed matter physics as of 2007. The mechanism that causes the electrons in these crystals to form pairs is not known.

Despite intensive research and many promising leads, an explanation has so far eluded scientists. One reason for this is that the materials in question are generally very complex, multi-layered crystals (for example, BSCCO), making theoretical modeling difficult. However, with the rapid rate of new discoveries in the field, many researchers are optimistic that a complete understanding of the process is possible within the next decade or so.[citation needed]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller (1986). "Possible highTc superconductivity in the Ba−La−Cu−O system". Z. Physik, B 64: 189-193. doi:10.1007/BF01303701.
  2. ^ http://www.superconductors.org/Type2.htm
  3. ^ L. Gao, Y. Y. Xue, F. Chen, Q. Xiong, R. L. Meng, D. Ramirez, C. W. Chu, J. H. Eggert, and H. K. Mao (1994). "Superconductivity up to 164 K in HgBa2Cam-1CumO2m+2+δ (m=1, 2, and 3) under quasihydrostatic pressures". Phys. Rev. B 50: 4260-4263. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.50.4260.


歡迎來到Bewise Inc.的世界,首先恭喜您來到這接受新的資訊讓產業更有競爭力,我們是提供專業刀具製造商,應對客戶高品質的刀具需求,我們可以協助客戶滿足您對產業的不同要求,我們有能力達到非常卓越的客戶需求品質,這是現有相關技術無法比擬的,我們成功的滿足了各行各業的要求,包括:精密HSS DIN切削刀具協助客戶設計刀具流程DIN or JIS 鎢鋼切削刀具設計NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 航太切削刀具,NAS航太刀具設計超高硬度的切削刀具醫療配件刀具設計汽車業刀具設計電子產業鑽石刀具木工產業鑽石刀具等等。我們的產品涵蓋了從民生刀具到工業級的刀具設計;從微細刀具到大型刀具;從小型生產到大型量產;全自動整合;我們的技術可提供您連續生產的效能,我們整體的服務及卓越的技術,恭迎您親自體驗!!

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 http://www.tool-tool..com / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolNAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end milldisc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools InsertsPCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden FingerPCD V-CutterPCD Wood toolsPCD Cutting toolsPCD Circular Saw BladePVDD End Millsdiamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN or JIS toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

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BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

Sunday, December 30, 2007

Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

Superkonduktor suhu-tinggi umumnya adalah hal yang mempertunjukkan superkonduktivitas pada suhu di atas suhu nitrogen cair, atau −196 °C (77 K), karena ini merupakan suhu cryogenik yang mudah dicapai. Superkonduktor konvensional membutuhkan suhu tidak lebih dari beberapa derajat di atas nol mutlak (−273.15 °C atau −459.67 °F).

[sunting] Sejarah

Superkonduktor "suhu tinggi" menarik magnet (dengan nitrogen cair yang direbus di bawah) yang emnunjukkan efek Meissner,salah satu sifat superkonduktivitas.

Superkonduktor "suhu tinggi" menarik magnet (dengan nitrogen cair yang direbus di bawah) yang emnunjukkan efek Meissner,salah satu sifat superkonduktivitas.

Istilah superkonduktor suhu-tinggi pertama kali digunakan untuk menunjuk ke material keramik cuprate-perovskite yang ditemukan oleh Johannes Georg Bednorz dan Karl Alex Müller pada 1986,[1] yang membuat mereka memenangkan Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisika di tahun berikutnya. Penemuan superkonduktor suhu-tinggi mereka LaBaCuO, dengan suhu transisi 35 K, menyebabkan banyak kekaguman karena sebelumnya superkonduktivitas pada suhu 'tinggi' tersebut dianggap banyak orang tidak mungkin terjadi.

[sunting] Jenis superkonduktor suhu-tinggi

Material paling terkenal adalah Tc-tinggi yang disebut cuprate, seperti La1.85Ba0.15CuO4, YBCO (Yttrium-Barium-Copper-Oxide) dan bahan sejenis.

Seluruh superkonduktor Tc-tinggi disebut superkonduktor tipe-II. Superkonduktor tipe-II mengijinkan medan magnet untuk menembus bagian dalamnya dalam satuan flux quanta, menghasilkan 'lubang' (atau tabung) wilayah metalik normal dalam kumpulan superkonduksi. Sifat ini membuat superkonduktor Tc-tinggi mampu bertahan di medan magnet yang jauh lebih tinggi.

[sunting] Riset sekarang

Contoh kecil superkonduktor suhu tinggi BSCCO-2223. 2 jalur di belakang terpisah 1 mm.

Contoh kecil superkonduktor suhu tinggi BSCCO-2223. 2 jalur di belakang terpisah 1 mm.

Salah satu masalah tak terselesaikan dalam fisika modern adalah pertanyaan bagaimana superkonduktivitas dapat terjadi dalam material tersebut, yaitu, mekanika apa yang menyebabkan elektron dalam kristal tersebut dapat membentuk pasangan.

Meskipun riset yang giat telah dilakukan dan banyak menghasilkan petunjuk, namun jawabannya masih membingungkan ilmuwan. Salah satu alasannya adalah material yang dipertanyakan sangat rumit, kristal banyak-lapisan (contohnya, BSCCO), membuat pemodelan teoritis sulit. Namun dengan penemuan baru dan penting dalam bidang ini, banyak peneliti optimis bahwa pemahaman lengkap terhadap proses ini dapat terjadi dalam satu dekade mendatang.

[sunting] Referensi

  1. ^ J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, Z. Physik, B 64, 189 (1986)


歡迎來到Bewise Inc.的世界,首先恭喜您來到這接受新的資訊讓產業更有競爭力,我們是提供專業刀具製造商,應對客戶高品質的刀具需求,我們可以協助客戶滿足您對產業的不同要求,我們有能力達到非常卓越的客戶需求品質,這是現有相關技術無法比擬的,我們成功的滿足了各行各業的要求,包括:精密HSS DIN切削刀具協助客戶設計刀具流程DIN or JIS 鎢鋼切削刀具設計NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 航太切削刀具,NAS航太刀具設計超高硬度的切削刀具醫療配件刀具設計汽車業刀具設計電子產業鑽石刀具木工產業鑽石刀具等等。我們的產品涵蓋了從民生刀具到工業級的刀具設計;從微細刀具到大型刀具;從小型生產到大型量產;全自動整合;我們的技術可提供您連續生產的效能,我們整體的服務及卓越的技術,恭迎您親自體驗!!

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 http://www.tool-tool..com / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolNAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end milldisc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools InsertsPCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden FingerPCD V-CutterPCD Wood toolsPCD Cutting toolsPCD Circular Saw BladePVDD End Millsdiamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN or JIS toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

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弊社は各領域に供給できる内容は:

(1)精密HSSエンド・ミルのR&D

(2)Carbide Cutting tools設計

(3)鎢鋼エンド・ミル設計

(4)航空エンド・ミル設計

(5)超高硬度エンド・ミル

(6)ダイヤモンド・エンド・ミル

(7)医療用品エンド・ミル設計

(8)自動車部品&材料加工向けエンド・ミル設計

弊社の製品の供給調達機能は:

(1)生活産業~ハイテク工業までのエンド・ミル設計

(2)ミクロ・エンド・ミル~大型エンド・ミル供給

(3)小Lot生産~大量発注対応供給

(4)オートメーション整備調達

(5)スポット対応~流れ生産対応

弊社の全般供給体制及び技術自慢の総合専門製造メーカーに貴方のご体験を御待ちしております。

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info

Aukštatemperatūris superlaidininkas www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

Aukštatemperatūriai superlaidininkaisuperlaidžių medžiagų grupė, kurių pagrindinis struktūrinis bruožas yra vario oksido plokštuma. Tai leidžia šioms medžiagoms pasiekti superlaidumą aukščiau skysto azoto virimo temperatūros (77 K arba -196 °C). Šiuo metu nėra bendros teorijos, paaiškinančios šias savybes.

Aukštatemperatūris superlaidumas buvo atrastas 1986 m. mokslininkų Karl Müller ir Johannes Bednorz. 1987 m. už tai jie buvo apdovanoti Nobelio fizikos premija. Galimybė šaldymui naudoti suskystintą azotą išplėtė superlaidininkų taikymo sritį.


歡迎來到Bewise Inc.的世界,首先恭喜您來到這接受新的資訊讓產業更有競爭力,我們是提供專業刀具製造商,應對客戶高品質的刀具需求,我們可以協助客戶滿足您對產業的不同要求,我們有能力達到非常卓越的客戶需求品質,這是現有相關技術無法比擬的,我們成功的滿足了各行各業的要求,包括:精密HSS DIN切削刀具協助客戶設計刀具流程DIN or JIS 鎢鋼切削刀具設計NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 航太切削刀具,NAS航太刀具設計超高硬度的切削刀具醫療配件刀具設計汽車業刀具設計電子產業鑽石刀具木工產業鑽石刀具等等。我們的產品涵蓋了從民生刀具到工業級的刀具設計;從微細刀具到大型刀具;從小型生產到大型量產;全自動整合;我們的技術可提供您連續生產的效能,我們整體的服務及卓越的技術,恭迎您親自體驗!!

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 http://www.tool-tool..com / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolNAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end milldisc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools InsertsPCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden FingerPCD V-CutterPCD Wood toolsPCD Cutting toolsPCD Circular Saw BladePVDD End Millsdiamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN or JIS toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

ようこそBewise Inc.の世界へお越し下さいませ、先ず御目出度たいのは新たな

情報を受け取って頂き、もっと各産業に競争力プラス展開。

弊社は専門なエンド・ミルの製造メーカーで、客先に色んな分野のニーズ、

豊富なパリエーションを満足させ、特にハイテク品質要求にサポート致します。

弊社は各領域に供給できる内容は:

(1)精密HSSエンド・ミルのR&D

(2)Carbide Cutting tools設計

(3)鎢鋼エンド・ミル設計

(4)航空エンド・ミル設計

(5)超高硬度エンド・ミル

(6)ダイヤモンド・エンド・ミル

(7)医療用品エンド・ミル設計

(8)自動車部品&材料加工向けエンド・ミル設計

弊社の製品の供給調達機能は:

(1)生活産業~ハイテク工業までのエンド・ミル設計

(2)ミクロ・エンド・ミル~大型エンド・ミル供給

(3)小Lot生産~大量発注対応供給

(4)オートメーション整備調達

(5)スポット対応~流れ生産対応

弊社の全般供給体制及び技術自慢の総合専門製造メーカーに貴方のご体験を御待ちしております。

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.