Friday, October 26, 2007

布氏硬度試驗www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

布氏硬度試驗壓入硬度試驗之一種,其測量值用HB或BHN表示。

該試驗最初由瑞典工程師 Johan August Brinell(1849年-1925年)於1900年提出。布氏硬度是第一個被廣泛用於工程學冶金學的標準化硬度試驗。此試驗方法因壓痕較大和對待測材料損傷明顯,應用受到一定限制。

[編輯] 測量方法

布氏硬度試驗一般採用直徑10毫米的球形鋼壓頭,用一定的負荷(試驗力)壓入被測材料表面。常見的試驗力可高達3,000千克力(29千牛頓);對於軟的材料則可用較小的負荷。如果試驗材料很硬,則以碳化鎢球壓頭代替鋼壓頭。保持負荷一定時間後,卸除試驗力,測量材料表面留下的壓痕之直徑

布氏硬度值的計算公式為:

\mbox{HB}=\frac{2P}{\pi D ({D-\sqrt{(D^2-d^2)})}}
P = 負荷 (千克力)
D = 壓頭直徑 (毫米)
d = 壓痕直徑 (毫米)


報告布氏硬度值的時候,必須注明試驗條件。使用標準方法記錄的試驗條件如HBW 10/3000中,HBW指使用碳化鎢壓頭(W是的化學符號,使用鋼壓頭的則記為HBS),10指的是用毫米測量的壓頭直徑,3000指的是用千克力測量的負荷。

[編輯] 常見材料的布氏硬度

布氏硬度值 (無特別注明的都是標準試驗條件)
材料 硬度
軟木 1.6 HBS 10/100
硬木 2.6 to 7.0 HBS 1.6 10/100
15 HB
35 HB
碳鋼 120 HB
18-8 (304) 不鏽鋼 250 HB
玻璃 550 HB
硬質工具鋼 650 - 700 HB

[編輯] 標準

  • ISO 6506-1:2005 Ed. 2 Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method
  • ISO 6506-2:2005 Ed. 2 Brinell hardness test Part 2: Verification and Calibration of testing machines
  • ISO 6506-3:2005 Ed. 2 Brinell hardness test Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
  • ISO 6506-4:2005 Ed. 1 Brinell hardness test Part 4: Table of hardness values
  • GB/T231.1-2002 金屬布氏硬度試驗第1部分:試驗方法
  • GB/T231.2-2002 金屬布氏硬度試驗第2部分:硬度計的檢驗與校準
  • GB/T231.3-2002 金屬布氏硬度試驗第3部分:標準硬度塊的標定


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