Wednesday, October 24, 2007

怎样对不锈钢进行铣削加工? www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

铣削不锈钢的特点是:不锈钢的粘附性及熔着性强,切屑容易粘附在铣刀刀齿上,使切削条件恶化;逆铣时,刀齿先在已经硬化的表面上滑行,增加了加工硬化的趋势;铣削时冲击、振动较大,使铣刀刀齿易崩刃和磨损。

铣 削不锈钢除端铣刀和部分立铣刀可用硬质合金作铣刀刀齿材料外,其余各类铣刀均采用高速钢,特别是钨—钼系和高钒高速钢具有良好的效果,其刀具耐用度可比 W18Cr4V提高1~2倍。适宜制作不锈钢铣刀的硬质合金牌号有YG8、YW2、813、798、YS2T、YS30、YS25等。

铣 削不锈钢时,切削刃既要锋利又要能承受冲击,容屑槽要大。可采用大螺旋角铣刀(圆柱铣刀、立铣刀),螺旋角β从20°增加到45°(γn=5°),刀具 耐用度可提高2倍以上,因为此时铣刀的工作前角γ0e由11°增加到27°以上,铣削轻快。但b值不宜再大,特别是立铣刀以β≤35°为宜,以免削弱刀 齿。

采用波形刃立铣刀加工不锈钢管材或薄壁件,切削轻快,振动小,切屑易碎,工件不变形。用硬质合金立铣刀高速铣削、可转位端铣刀铣削不锈钢都能取得良好的效果。

用银白屑(SWC)端铣刀铣削1Cr18Ni9Ti,其几何参数为gf=5°、gp=15°、af=15°、ap=5°、kr=55°、kr=35°、g01=-30°、bg=0.4mm、re=6mm,当Vc=50~90 m/min、Vf=630~750mm/min、a′p=2~6mm并且每齿进给量达0.4~0.8mm时,铣削力减小10%~15%,铣削功率下降44%,效率也大大提高。其原理是在主切削刃上磨出负倒棱,铣削时人为地产生积屑瘤,使其代替切削刃进行切削,积屑瘤的前角gb可达20~~302,由于主偏角的作用,积屑瘤受到一个前刀面上产生的平行于切削刃的推力作用而成为副屑流出,从而带走了切削热,降低了切削温度。

铣削不锈钢时,应尽可能采用顺铣法加工。不对称顺铣法能保证切削刃平稳地从金属中切离,切屑粘结接触面积较小,在高速离心力的作用下易被甩掉,以免刀齿重新切入工件时,切屑冲击前刀面产生剥落和崩刃现象,提高刀具的耐用度。

采 用喷雾冷却法效果最为显著,可提高铣刀耐用度一倍以上;如用一般10%乳化液冷却,应保证切削液流量达到充分冷却。硬质合金铣刀铣削不锈钢时,取Vc= 70~150 m/min,Vf=37.5~150 mm/min,同时应根据合金牌号及工件材料的不同作适当调整。高速钢铣刀的切削用量见表8。

表8 高速钢铣刀加工不锈钢的铣削用量

铣刀
种类
铣刀直径d0
(mm)
主轴转速n
(r/min)
进给量f
(mm/min)
备注
立铣刀 3~4 1180~750 手动
  1. 当切削宽度和切削深度较小时,进给量f取大值;反之取小值
  2. 铣削2Cr13等马氏体不锈钢时,应根据工件材料的实际硬度调整铣削用量
  3. 铣削耐浓硝酸不锈钢时,铣削速度及进给量均应适当减小
5~6 750~475
8~10 600~375
12~14 375~235 30~37.5
16~18 300~235 37.5~47.5
20~25 235~190 47.5~60
32~36 190~150 47.5~60
40~50 150~118 47.5~75
波形刃
立铣刀
36 190~150 47.5~60
40 150~118
50 118~95
60 95~75 60~75
锯片
铣刀
和三
面刃
铣刀
75 235~150 23.5或手动


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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

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