Wednesday, October 24, 2007

切削不锈钢时怎样选择切削用量? www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

切削用量对加工不锈钢时的加工硬化、切削力、切削热等有很大影响,特别是对刀具耐用度的影响较大。选择的切削用量合理与否,将直接影响切削效果。

切削速度Vc:加工不锈钢时切削速度稍微提高一点,切削温度就会高出许多,刀具磨损加剧,耐用度则大幅度下降。
为了保证合理的刀具耐用度,就要降低切削速度,一般按车削普通碳钢的40%~60%选取。镗孔和切断时,由于刀具刚性、散热条件、冷却润滑效果及排屑情况都比车外圆差,切削速度还要适当降低。

不 同种类的不锈钢的切削加工性各不相同,切削速度也需相应调整。一般1Cr18Ni9Ti等奥氏体不锈钢的切削速度校正系数Kv为1.0,硬度在 HRC28以下的2cr13等马氏体不锈钢的Kv为1.3~1.5,硬度为HRC28~35的2Cr13等马氏体不锈钢的Kv为0.9~1.1,硬度在 HRC35以上的2Cr13等马氏体不锈钢的Kv为0.7~0.8,耐浓硝酸不锈钢的Kv为0.6~0.7。

切削 深度ap:粗加工时余量较大,应选用较大的切深,可减少走刀次数,同时可避免刀尖与毛坯表皮接触,减轻刀具磨损。但加大切深应注意不要因切削力过大而 引起振动,可选ap=2~5 mm。精加工时可选较小的切削深度,还要避开硬化层,一般采用ap=0.2~0.5 mm。

进 给量f:进给量的增大不仅受到机床动力的限制,而且切削残留高度和积屑瘤高度都随进给量的增加而加大,因此进给量不能过大。为提高加工表面质量,精加工 时应采用较小的进给量。同时,应注意f不得小于0.1 mm/r,避免微量进给,以免在加工硬化区进行切削,并且应注意切削刃不要在切削表面停留。

加工不锈钢的切削用量见表6和表7。

表6 车螺纹和钻、扩、铰孔时的切削用量

工序名称 切削速度Vc
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
切削深度ap
(mm)
车螺纹 20~50 - 0.1~1
钻孔 12~20 0.1~0.25 ≤17.5
扩孔 8~18 0.1~0.4 0.1~1
铰孔 2.5~5 0.1~0.2 0.1~0.2
注:刀具材料为高速钢

表7 不锈钢的常用切削用量
工件
直径范围
(mm)
车外圆 镗孔 切断
粗加工 精加工
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
≤10 1200~955 0.19~0.60 1200~955 0.10~0.20 1200~675 0.07~0.30 1200~955 手动
>10~20 955~765 955~765 955~600 955~765
>20~40 765~480 0.27~0.81 765~480 0.10~0.30 765~480 0.10~0.50 765~600 0.10~0.25
>40~60 480~380 600~380 480~380 610~480
>60~80 380~305 480~305 380~230 180~305
>80~100 305~230 380~230 305~185 380~230 0.08~0.20
>100~150 230~150 305~185 230~150 305~150
>150~200 185~120 230~150 185~120 150以下
注:
  1. 工件材料:1Cr18Ni9Ti;刀具材料:YG8。
  2. 表中较小的直径选用较高的主轴转速,较大的直径选用较低的转速。
  3. 当工件材料和刀具材料不同时,主轴转速应根据具体情况作适当校正。


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