Tuesday, October 23, 2007

切削不锈钢时怎样选择刀具材料?www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

合理选择刀具材料是保证高效率切削加工不锈钢的重要条件。根据不锈钢的切削特点,要求刀具材料应具有耐热性好、耐磨性高、与不锈钢的亲和作用小等特点。目前常用的刀具材料有高速钢和硬质合金。

1) 高速钢的选择:高速钢主要用来制造铣刀、钻头、丝锥、拉刀等复杂多刃刀具。普通高速钢W18Cr4V使用时刀具耐用度很低已不符合需要,采用新型高速钢刀具切削不锈钢可获得较好的效果。

在 相同的车削条件下,用W18Cr4V和95w18Cr4V两种材料的刀具加工1Cr17Ni2工件,刀具刃磨一次加工的件数分别为2~3件和12件,用 95w18Cr4V的刀具耐用度提高了几倍。这是由于提高了钢的含碳量,从而增加了钢中碳化物含量,常温硬度提高2HRC红硬性更好,600℃时由 W18Cr4V的HRC48.5上升到HRC51~52,耐磨性比W18Cr4V提高2~3倍。

应用高钒高速钢 W12Cr4V4Mo制作型面铣刀加工1Cr17Ni2可以获得较高的刀具耐用度。因为含钒量增加,可在钢中形成硬度很高的VC,细小的 VC存在于晶介,可以阻止晶粒长大,提高钢的耐磨性;W12Cr4V4Mo的红硬性很好,600℃时硬度可达HRC51.7,因此适合于制作切削不锈钢的 各种复杂刀具。但其强度(sb=3140 MPa)及冲击韧性(ak=2.5 J/cm3)略低于W18Cr4V,使用时要稍加注意。

随着刀具制作技术的不断发展,对于批量大的工件,采用硬质合金多刃、复杂刀具进行切削加工效果会更好。

2) 硬质合金的选择:YG类硬质合金的韧性较好,可采用较大的前角,刀刃也可以磨得锋利些,使切削轻快,且切屑与刀具不易产生粘结,较适于加工不锈钢。特别是 在振动的粗车和断续切削时,YG类合金的这一优点更为重要。另外,YG类合金的导热性较好,其导热系数比高速钢高将近两倍,比YT类合金高一倍。因此YG 类合金在不锈钢切削中应用较多,特别是在粗车刀、切断刀、扩孔钻及铰刀等制造中应用更为广泛。

较长时期以来,一般 都采用YG6、YG8、YG8N、YW1、YW2等普通牌号的硬质合金作为切削不锈钢的刀具材料,但均不能获得较理想的效果;采用新牌 号硬质合金如813、758、767、640、712、798、YM051、YM052、YM10、YS2T、YD15等,切削不锈钢可获得较好的效果。 而用813牌号硬质合金刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢效果很好,因为813合金既具有较高的硬度(≥HRA91)、强度(sb=1570MPa),又具有良好的高 温韧性、抗氧化性、抗粘结性,其组织致密耐磨性好。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

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